Vol. 4, Issue 1, Part A (2022)

Abstract: On August 24, 1898, August Bier and his assistant Hildebrandt undertook experiments on their own bodies, which were part of their historic initial investigations of spinal anesthesia. This article will address the anatomy in cadaver and with the aid of ultrasound and magnetic resonance. Understanding the cerebrospinal fluid and the specific gravity of solutions injected into the subarachnoid space. Factors associated with the variable clinical response to spinal anesthesia are local anesthetic dose, baricity, patient positioning, site of injection, body habitus, speed of injection, and age.